Showing posts with label Drive. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Drive. Show all posts

Whatever capacity data storage device, it's always less. That is why the capacity is always magnified by the manufacturer of your hard drive. Apart from capacity, which is also worth noting is the speed. Understandably, the greater the capacity, need to hurry in order to speed file searches do not make people wait long.

Well if you longing superlega desktop hard drive, look at two new bids from Western Digital (WD) is distributed by Atikom, WPG sistech Kharisma and WPG Indonesia. The first is the WD CAVIAR Black with 2TB capacity, which was claimed to be suitable for enterprise-class hard drives for OEMs. He also was mentioned very good for workstations and gaming purposes. The second is the WD RE4, which is suitable for servers, connected to the network, and has a MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) 1.2 million hours. 

Second hard disk - WD CAVIAR Black and RE4 - which was rotating at 7200rpm supported 64MB cache, dual-stage actuator technology, interface SATA 3 gigabit per second (Gb / s) and an integrated dual processor. Both are also protected by a five-year warranty.

"Hard drive WD CAVIAR Black 2 TB maximize the features and functionality of applications, high-powered computing such as gaming, photo editing, multimedia user-generated, and video," said Jim Morris Senior Vice President and general manager, WD client storage systems.

Interested in buying? If yes, please set up fund of U.S. $ 330 for the WD CAVIAR Black 2 TB
Intel's latest processors are dual core CPU with a system equipped with integrated graphics and memory controller. Is Intel managed to keep his promise that the Clarkdale can compete with quad-core CPU? Let's look at these early test results.

Intel comes back with new innovations. This time, the processor Clarkdale. This processor is still using the base as Lynnfield Nehalem. However, Clarkdale plans will be offered at affordable prices. In short, this is the processor that will be the successor generation of Core 2 in middle-class to lower prices. In this article, CHIP Clarkdale test two processors: Core I5 661 (3.33 GHz) and Core I3 540 (3.06 GHz).



The fundamental difference of the two processors are located in turbo boost. I5 Core series has a turbo 6 was boosted, while the Core I3 was not possess. Both processors are equipped with hyper-threading. This makes her look like a quad-core processor in the Windows Task Manager.

As has been previously disclosed, Clarkdale has integrated graphics system. VGA is guaranteed to have a higher capacity than the G45. Although the processor fabrication Clarkdale using 32 nm, the VGA is still using a 45 nm fabrication.
The existence of the integrated VGA make Clarkdale require special motherboards to take advantage of graphics systems. For that, Intel chipset provides H55/H57. With an HDMI port available you can directly obtain the data stream digital video and sound directly from the processor.

Because of Clarkdale is still using the socket 1156, the processor automatically tested CHIP can also be used on the P55 board. However, you will not be able to take advantage of graphics systems. 


Chip.co.id



Available hard disk space is where the easy out. Various types of files and folders are likely to continue growing each time, plus the tendency of the file size growing.

In order to save money, you can use quotas feature of Windows. Basically, this feature works to give hard-disk space quota for each user. To use it, the partition must use the NTFS file system. After that, you can right-click the drive you want to set its quota. Then select the tab "Quota". Check "Enable Quota Management" to activate it. Then check also "Deny disk space to users exceeding quota limit".

Click the "Quota Entries" to regulate how much quota for each user. How, from this window, simply click the name of the user who wants to be given quotas. Then adjust the desired large quotas. For example, here is set quota of 100MB for the guest account with 80MB warning level. That is, if the guest user account to use more than 100MB space, then the window will pop up a warning that disk space is not enough anymore.

Another advantage of the quota, the label that shows the amount of hard disk space available will change depending on the user's quota. Back to the example above, if the guest user account is open My Computer, then the amount of disk space on the screen is only 100MB. So, as if his hard disk capacity is only 100MB, though it did not for it.

The use of quotas would be very helpful, especially for PCs that are used together. With the division of quotas, there is no longer expected to fight hard disk space quota, which in turn facilitate the administration of the system.

Pc Plus

Being the first always feels good, too proud. And this must be felt by the motherboard Gigabyte GA-P55A-UD3 it. Motherboard USB 3.0 is the first motherboard in the world to receive the USB-IF certification.

GA-P55A-UD3 obtain certification after graduation test ketaaatn and strict product quality by the USB-IF (Universal Serial Bus-Implementers Forum). This motherboard also became the first motherboard in the world to show off SuperSpeed USB logo.

The presence of SuperSpeed USB logo provides assurance that the products concerned are able interoperability with products existing USB 2.0 and also provides increased speed and power efficiency offered by USB 3.0. Logo is also giving assurance that the product is easy to use, just like the USB products.

Please visit the GIGABYTE website to see the full specifications of this motherboard and also to find another line that was in the certification stage.
Motherboard (Mobo) : Bentuknya memang seperti "papan" dengan banyak sekali komponen elektronik. Semua komponen dari komputer akan terhubungkan ke motherboard ini. Motherboard merupakan papan utama dimana terdapat komponen-komponen serta chip controller yang bertugas mengatur lalu lintas data dalam sistem motherboard serta mengatur pemberian daya listrik pada setiap komponen PC. Pada Motherboard terdapat socket untuk processor, memory dan slot-slot yang digunakan untuk pemasangan komponen kartu seperti VGA Card, Sound Card, Internal Modem, dan lain-lain.








Spesifikasi yang perlu diperhatikan pada motherboard :
Jenis Socket Prosessor:
Jenis konektor prosessor (slot/socket) menentukan jenis prosessor yang dapat digunakan dan batasan upgrade dari prosessor. Contoh Socket 478 dapat dipakai untuk semua prosessor kelas Pentium 4 dan Celeron 4 dengan FSB 400, 533 dan 800 Mhz.







Chipset Motherboard:
Pilih motherboard dengan chipset terbaru yang mendukung memori SDRAM DIMM atau RDRAM RIMM, AGP slot 4X minimal dan harddisk ATA 100 minimal.Jenis dan kapasitas slot memory Slot jenis DDR DIMM atau RIMM adalah pilihan yang terbaik karena mendukung kapasitas memori lebih besar. Untuk kecepatan, memori terbaik adalah DDR SDRAM atau RDRAM, tetapi RDRAM lebih mahal.



Port Input/Output (I/O):
Periksa jenis dan jumlah port I/O yang tersedia seperti USB, firewire, serial dan parallel port. Sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan piranti eksternal. Feature Motherboard berkualitas baik akan dilengkapi dengan fitur Power Management ACPI untuk efisiensi penggunaan daya listrik dan PnP System (Plug and Play) yakni instalasi otomatis piranti eksternal.


Processor (Procie) :Ini adalah "otak" dari sebuah komputer. Kecanggihan sebuah komputer diukur dari seberapa canggih processornya. Semua pekerjaan yang anda lakukan pada komputer anda dilakukan secara langsung atau tidak langsung oleh prosesor. Processor adalah sebuah unit yang mengontrol keseluruhan jalannya sebuah sistem komputer dan digunakan sebagai pusat atau otak dari komputer yang berfungsi untuk melakukan perhitungan dan menjalankan tugas. Processor terletak pada socket yang telah disediakan oleh motherboard, dan dapat diganti dengan processor yang lain asalkan sesuai dengan socket yang ada pada motherboard. Salah satu yang sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap kecepatan komputer tergantung dari jenis dan kapasitas processor.

Spesifikasi yang harus diperhatikan pada prosessor :
Jenis Processor:
Jenis box lebih baik dari OEM karena sudah dilengkapi dengan heatsink atau fan serta diberikan garansi 3 tahun. Sdgkan utk OEM biasanya tidak dilengkapi dengan heatsink original dan garansi hanya 1 tahun.

Kecepatan FSB:
FSB (Front Side Bus) merupakan kecepatan asli/internal dari prosessor. Kecepatan FSB yang lebih tinggi akan lebih baik
Cache:
Cache adalah sistem penyimpanan data cadangan berkecepatan tinggi yang digunakan oleh komputer yang menjembatani aliran data (buffer) antara prosesor dengan media penyimpanan data/memori dan mekanisme untuk mempercepat transfer data dengan cara menyimpan data yang telah di akses di suatu buffer, dengan harapan jika data yang sama akan diakses, akses akan menjadi lebih cepat. Penggunaan cache ditujukan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya bottleneck dalam aliran data antara processor dan RAM. Pengaruh cache akan terasa pada pekerjaan komputer yang berulang-ulang.

Tingkatan dlm cache :
-First level (L1) : Tingkat cache teratas dalam hirarki, dengan kapasitas memori terkecil, termahal dan tercepat.
-Second level (L2) : Cache level dua ini memiliki kapasitas lebih besar dari L1, tetapi lebih lambat dan murah. Cache L2 masih lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan RAM.
-Third level (L3) : Cache level tiga memiliki kapasitas lebih besar dari L2, tetapi juga lebih lambat dan lebih murah, Cache L3 jg masih lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan RAM. L3 lebih terasa pada applikasi yang memanfaatkan L3 cache.

Memory (RAM) : Tempat menyimpan sementara segala macam proses dan data. Kapasitasnya diukur dengan satuan Mega Bytes atau Giga Bytes.
Dual Channel / Triple Channel:
Kemampuan memory controller untuk meningkatkan lebar bus data dari 64 bit menjadi 128 bit. Pada kecepatan (clock speed) memori yang sama, teknologi dual channel secara teoritis mampu meningkatkan transfer data maksimum hingga dua kali lipat. Setiap siklus clocknya akan mentransfer data dua kali lebih banyak dari kondisi normal. Peningkatan performa setinggi ini hanya terjadi pada memori, bukan pada performa sistem komputer secara keseluruhan. Pengaruh penggunaan fitur dual channel terhadap peningkatan performa komputer secara keseluruhan, tidak terlampau tinggi, malahan dapat dikatakan tidak begitu mencolok.

Tidak semua komputer dilengkapi fitur teknologi dual channel. Fitur ini hanya terdapat pada komputer-komputer tertentu yang memiliki fasilitas sebagai berikut:
- Memory controller menyediakan dukungan penggunaan teknologi dual channel. Pada PC berbasis Intel, memory controller ini terdapat pada chipset di motherboard, sedangkan pada PC berbasis AMD, memory controller ini terdapat dalam CPU.
- Jumlah slot/socket memori pada motherboard harus lebih dari satu (sedikitnya harus tersedia dua slot). Jika hanya tersedia satu slot, fitur dual channel tidak akan dapat dimunculkan. Untuk menjalankan fitur dual channel, peletakan modul memori pada slot di motherboard tidak boleh sembarangan. Masing-masing modul memori harus dipasangkan pada urutan slot ganjil saja atau genap saja. Jika terdapat petunjuk warna pada slot memori, pasangkan modul memori pada slot yang warnanya sama. Utk lebih jelasnya silahkan lihat buku manual dr masing2 motherboard.
- Terdapat dua atau empat keping modul memori (DDR, DDR2 atau DDR3) yang identik dan kompatibel dengan fitur teknologi yang disediakan oleh motherboard (chipset) dan CPU yang digunakan. Jika hanya terdapat satu modul memori, maka fitur teknologi dual channel tidak dapat dimunculkan.

DDR3 vs DDR2:
Keunggulan DDR3 SDRAM dibandingkan DDR2 SDRAM antara lain:
- Mempunyai bandwidth yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan generasi pendahulunya.
- Kecepatan efektif memori dapat mencapai 1866 MHz (sampai tahun 2008)
- Lebih hemat energi dan performanya lebih bagus. Dapat memperpanjang waktu pemakaian laptop karena energi listrik pada batere tidak cepat habis.
- Dilengkapi desain sistem pendingin (cooler) yang lebih bagus.

Kelemahan DDR3 SDRAM dibandingkan DDR2 SDRAM antara lain:
- Mempunyai CAS Latency yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan generasi pendahulunya sebagai kompensasi dari tingginya bandwidth.


VGA Card (VGA) : Komponen yang khusus mengolah tampilan grafis yang akan ditampilkan di layar monitor. Pada beberapa jenis motherboard, komponen ini sudah terintegrasi. Kualitas gambar yg dihasilkan oleh komputer kita sangat ditentukan oleh VGA card.
Komponen VGA:
Pada dasarnya, ada tiga komponen utama dalam VGA, yaitu :
- GPU ( Graphic Processor Unit) atau VPU ( Visual Processing Unit) : berfungsi untuk memproses sinyal gambar yang akan ditampilkan ke monitor. Pada awalnya VGA dioptimalisasi untuk 2D (grafik dua dimensi) namun perkembangan saat ini lebih banyak dioptimalkan untuk 3D. GPU berbentuk chipset yang sudah tertanam pada VGA board.
- Video Memory : berupa RAM dengan kapasitas tertentu. VGA terbaru mempunyai kapasitas memori yang besar dan cepat. Fungsi utama dari video memory adalah sebagai tempat penyimpanan frame buffer.
- RAMDAC (random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter) : chip untuk mengubah sinyal analog menjadi digital. Informasi gambar yang akan ditampilkan tersimpan sementara pada video memory (RAM) dalam data digital. Untuk menampilkannya ke dalam monitor analog, RAMDAC akan membaca isi video memory, mengubah data digital menjadi sinyal analog, dan mengirimkannya melalui kabel video ke monitor. Komponen inilah yang menentukan refresh rate dari kartu video.

Hard Disk (HDD) : Merupakan media penyimpanan data secara permanen dan bisa kita akses kapan saja kita mau. Kapasitasnya diukur dalam satuan Giga Bytes.






Optical Drive (ODD) : Gunanya untuk membaca (dan pada beberapa jenis, juga untuk menyimpan) data dalam bentuk CD atau DVD.


Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory, or DDR SDRAM, is computer memory. The previous version is single data rate or SDRAM. DDR SDRAM was built on the technology of the prior version, but operates at almost twice the bandwidth or processing speed.

This is possible because the data is transferred using the double pumping technique. In this technique, the data is transferred when the clock increases and decreases. An additional benefit of this process is that no changes or adjustments are required to the clock frequency.

DDR memory transfers the data in 64-bit pieces. The actual transfer rate is calculated by multiplying the memory clock rate times two, as it is a dual unit. This value is then multiplied by 64, which is the number of bits that were transferred. The total value is divided by eight, which is a unit conversion for bits per byte. The final value is provided in megabytes per second or MB/s.

There are set manufacturing standard data rates for memory, which are set by the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC). This standard is divided into memory chips and memory modules. The standard naming convention is also divided into two categories: industry and consumer. The industry name is DDR, followed by the number of data transfers per second. For example, a DDR – 200 component provide a data transfer rate of 200 bits per second.

The consumer naming convention is based on the peak transfer rate. The DDR – 200 has a peak transfer rate of 1,600. Therefore, this unit would be called PC – 1600 in the consumer marketplace. It is exactly the same as the DDR - 200 unit. Package sizes are also set by the JEDEC, in the interest of consistency between manufacturers.

A DDR SDRAM module has 184 pins for the dual inline memory modules (DIMMs) of the desktop computer. SD RAM has 168 pins and the DDR2 SDRAM, which is the next version of DDR SDRAM, has 240. It is easy to tell the DDR and SD models apart, simply look at the number of notches on the memory card. The DDR version has one and the SD version has two.

If you can’t live without your cell phone or personal digital assistant (PDA), you’ll be pleased to hear that micro USB connectors will soon make these gadgets even more convenient to use. USB, which stands for Universal Serial Bus, is an external bus, or cable, standard used to connect peripheral devices, like keyboards, to computers. It's an alternative to its common predecessors, serial and parallel standards. After some time, USB technology was enhanced and reduced to a smaller size known as mini USB. The micro USB specification is now scheduled to replace mini USB connectors in many different types of portable devices, including cell phones and PDA's. Standard devices will use Micro-B receptacles, while USB OTG (On-The-Go) devices will use Micro-AB receptacles. Micro-A plugs, Micro-B plugs, and standard cables will also be available.

The micro USB technology was developed by the USB Implementers Forum, Inc. (USB-IF), an independent non-profit group that works to advance USB technology. Nokia is one of many companies that will be using the micro USB specification in its upcoming products.

When compared to the mini USB, the micro USB offers many advantages. The most obvious benefit to this new technology is its smaller size. As cell phones and PDAs become thinner and lighter, consumers are frequently finding the mini USB connector is simply too large for practical use. The micro USB will allow manufacturers to push the limits of this trend towards sleeker design.

In addition to its smaller size, the micro USB is more durable than the mini USB connector. A micro USB features a stainless-steel shell to allow for over 10,000 insertion cycles, as well as a latching mechanism that provides higher extraction forces without sacrificing the USB’s ease-of-use for synching and charging your portable devices.


There are lots of people who always in a conscientious effort to upgrade memory in laptop to increase its effectiveness. In desktop systems, you are normally given three or four slots for memory modules but this scenario is not seen with laptops as they only come with two slots.

Normally, laptops don’t use SIMM and DIMM memory which is used in case of non portable machines. When you will delve more into the details, you will find that following are the basic types of memory used in laptops;

• 72 pin SODimm

• 144 Pin SODimm

• SDRAM

• DDR SDRAM

Certainly the more memory in a laptop PC the better but there are other concerns regarding memory in laptops. Laptops are generally more restricted when it comes to terms of memory that can be installed into a system. More often access to that memory can also be a headache if you plan a future upgrade.

Most of the laptops are now using the DDR2 memory technology, but a number of new laptops use the DDR3 standard.

We generally find two ways through which the memory speeds can be designated. The first one is by the memory type and by finding its clock rating, like DDR2 400. Another r method is by documenting the type along with the bandwidth. In this instance the same DDR2 memory would be listed as PC2-3200 memory. Below is a listing in order of lowest to fastest memory types in both formats:

  • DDR2 400 / PC2-3200

  • DDR2 533 / PC2-4200

  • DDR2 667 / PC2-5300 or PC2-5400

  • DDR2 800 / PC2-6400

  • DDR3 800 / PC3-6400

  • DDR3 1066 / PC3-8500

  • DDR3 1333 / PC3-10600

  • DDR3 1600 / PC3-12800

In addition to the type of memory installed in the laptop, the speed of the memory can also make a difference in the performance. When it comes in terms of comparision, it is of outmost importance to check both of these pieces of information to evaluate how they may impact performance.

usb 2.0



The usb flash drive is a flash memory data storage device synchronized with the help of usb interface . The usb falsh drive act as removable and rewritable drive which is quite small in size compared to floppy disk. Some of the usb flash drive weighs less than even an ounce. The storage capacities of usb flash drive varies between 64MB to 256 GB along with changes in sizes and cost per capacity.

The usb flash drive is quite advantageous than any other portable storage devices especially the floppy disk. The shape of the usb flash drive is compact, operate faster and hold large data. It has a durable design and functions more reliably because of not having moving parts. One sees usb flash drive commonly found in the computer where floppy disk drive has no place. Now it has become the mainstream device for every pc and laptop. Such different drives have the usage of usb mass storage standard backed mainly by modern operating systems like windows, mac os x , linux, and many unix-like systems. In the usb flash drive there is nothing like moving. We use the word drive because the computer reads and writes the flash drive data by applying the same systematic commands which are used in mechanical disk drive.

The usb flash drive carrying usb 2.0 backing functions more faster than the optical disc drive when data is stored in large amount in a limited space. The usb flash drive contains small printed circuit board kept safely in a plastic, metal, and rubberized case. Latest usb flash drive carries usb 2.0 connectivity. The fastest usb flash drive available in the market is using dual channel controller. One should go through the technicalities of usb flash drive before purchasing it such as speed , connectivity, compatibility, and also transferring rate. Recent usb flash drive is using a standard type-A USB connection which permits plugging in a particular port on the computer . But drives are also available for various interfaces in the market.

RAM



RAM (random access memory) is the place where the operating system, application programs, and data in use are stored so that they can be quickly access by the computer's processor. RAM is considered to be faster to read from and write to than the other available storage in a computer such as the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM. The data in RAM stays there as long as your computer is running or turned on. When you unplugged your computer off, RAM loses its data. When you turn your computer on next time, your operating system and other files are once again loaded into RAM, generally from your hard disk.

RAM is also known as "random access" because any storage location can be acheived directly. Originally, the term discriminates regular core memory from offline memory, commonly on magnetic tape in which an item of data could only be gained by starting from the beginning of the tape and finding an address sequentially. Perhaps it should be termed as "nonsequential memory" because RAM access is hardly random. RAM is organized and controlled in a way that permits data to be stored and retrieved directly to particular locations. You sholld note that other forms of storage such as the hard disk and CD-ROM are also accessed directly but the word random access is not applied to these types of storage devices.

Commonly RAM are of two types: DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). The two types of RAM differ in the way they use to hold data, with DRAM being the more common type. When it comes to speed, SRAM is faster. DRAM needs to be refreshed more than SRAM. SRAM has the advantage that it does not need to be refreshed, what makes it faster than DRAM. DRAM technology supports access times nearly about 60 nanoseconds, SRAM can give access times as low as 10 nanoseconds. Despite SRAM being faster, it's not as commonly used as DRAM because it's too much expensive. Both types of RAM are volatile, which means that they lose their data or the contents when the cable is unplugged.


Most modern laptops are equipped with a CD/DVD-RW drive also known as an optical disc drive which allows it to read and write data from or to a CD/DVD disc. All laptop CD/DVD drives are shaped the same but they all have different face plates also know as front bezels. On the picture above you can see three different laptop CD/DVD drives with different face plates/front bezels.

When you are replacing a failed CD/DVD drive, you have to make sure that the face plate from the old drive will fit your new drive.

On the picture below you can see two different types of connectors found in modern CD/DVD optical disc drives. One drive has a SATA connector and the other one has an older slim ATAPI connector.

An optical disc drive with a SATA connector is not interchangeable with an optical disc drive with a slim ATAPI connector and vice versa. In other words, if your laptop motherboard comes with a SATA connector for the optical drive, you can only use CD/DVD drives with SATA connectors.

On the next picture I compare a SATA connector used in laptop hard drives with a SATA connector used in CD/DVD drives. As you see, these two connectors are a little bit different. The data connector (right connector) is shaped similarly for both drives, but the power connector (left connector) is shaped differently.

By the way, you can connect a 2.5″ laptop SATA hard drive to a desktop computer using same cables as you use for a regular 3.5″ desktop hard drive.

In order to connect a Slimline SATA optical CD/DVD drive to a desktop computer, you’ll have to purchase the Slimline SATA Cable.

If you are replacing the CD/DVD disc drive in your laptop with a new one, make sure your new drive is compatible with the laptop. The best way to find a new optical disc drive is searching by the manufacturer’s part number found on the old drive.

When you install an optical drive which is not compatible with your laptop, it will not be recognized by the BIOS or you’ll get an IDE #1 ERROR on start up.

HOW TO REMOVE CD/DVD DISC DRIVE

In most laptops, the CD/DVD disc drive is secured by one or two screws on the bottom of the laptops. Remove these screws and pull the optical disc drive from the laptop.

On some other models, the optical drive is secured by one or two screws located under the keyboard. If that’s the case, you’ll have to remove the keyboard first. After that remove those screws and pull the drive from the laptop.